Triobo

ARTISTS & PRODUCERS

Johann Lötz Witwe Glassworks

The glassworks in Klášterský Mlýn (Klostermühle) in the Bohemian Forest was founded in 1836 by Johann B. Eisner, but after 1840 it was purchased by local master smelter Johann Lötz (1778–1848). After his death, the glassworks was run by his wife, Susanne, and the enterprise began to use the name Johann Lötz Witwe (widow). In 1879, the glassworks was taken over by Max Ritter von Spaun, who modernised the furnace operation. After his death in 1908, the factory was inherited by his eponymous son. Eduard Prochaska, who directed the enterprise from 1885 until 1914, had a significant influence on the production programme. Under his leadership, the factory in Klášterský Mlýn became one of the most prominent glassworks in Europe, as evidenced by the awards conferred upon its products for Art Nouveau glass in organic shapes at the World’s Fairs in Paris (1889, 1900) and in Chicago (1893).

Harrachov Glassworks in Nový Svět (Neuwelt)

The Harrach Glassworks in Nový Svět in the Giant Mountains was founded around the year 1700 and was among the most prominent producers of Art Nouveau glass in Austria-Hungary. In 1898, it developed the Moravia series of glass with finely spun coloured threads. In addition to the furnace techniques used in producing the Florida, Cordé, Hekla and Pompeja series (glass decorated with enamel and stylised into the shape of flowers), the Nový Svět glassworks was also renowned for painted, engraved and cut glass.

Émile Gallé (1846–1904)

Émile Gallé was one of the leading French purveyors of Art Nouveau ideas in the area of applied arts. In addition to producing glass, he also designed ceramics and furniture. In his youth, he studied philosophy, botany and mineralogy. He used this knowledge, together with experience garnered during his travels in Italy, Germany and England, in his artistic work. At the 1878 World’s Fair in Paris, he presented engraved glass decorated with enamel; he received no less acclaim at another World’s Fair eleven years later in 1889 (also in Paris), where he presented mainly vases and engraved layered glass. In the following year, he began production of these artefacts on a massive scale. To simplify the production process, the engraved ornamentation was replaced by glass etching using acid. A large amount of glass in the style of these products by Gallé was exhibited at the next Paris World’s Fair in 1900.

Antonin Daum (1864–1930)

a Auguste Daum (1854–1909)

In 1875, Jean Daum (1825–1883) founded the Verrerie Sainte-Catherine glassworks in Nancy, which was renamed Verrerie de Nancy shortly thereafter. Twelve years later (1887), Jean’s sons, Jean-Louis-Auguste a Jean-Antonin, took over the glassworks. The younger of the brothers, Antonin, who directed the enterprise’s artistic efforts, was fundamentally influenced by the work of Émile Gallé, whom he had met at the 1889 World’s Fair in Paris. From then on, the Daum brothers’ glassworks focused exclusively on artistic glass, which led to the establishment of the Ateliers d’Art à la Verrerie de Nancy (1891) and to collaborations with prominent glass artists and designers. The glassworks won plaudits at the 1900 Paris World’s Fair, and the company still exists to this day.

Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848–1933)

The most important purveyor of Art Nouveau glass production in the United States of America was New Yorker Louis Comfort Tiffany, who initially (in addition to studying painting and travelling around Europe and North Africa) devoted himself to decorating interiors and to interior furnishings at his father’s enterprise. This was also related to Tiffany’s increasing interest in glass, which culminated in 1885 with the establishment of the Tiffany Glass Company. Tiffany’s iridescent hollow glass was awarded at the World’s Fair in Chicago in 1893 and again in 1900 in Paris.

Anna Boudová Suchardová

(1870–1940)

Anna Boudová Suchardová was a Czech painter, designer of ceramics, textiles and fashion, and the sister of sculptors Stanislav and Vojtěch Sucharda. She studied at the School of Applied Arts in Prague and at Prague’s Academy of Fine Arts, where she focused mainly on painting flowers. She is celebrated in particular for her ceramic works with painted floral décor, which she exhibited at the 1900 World’s Fair in Paris. She is the author of the book The Decorative Flower in National Art. She was the mother of painter Cyril Bouda.

Celestýn Klouček (1855–1935) Studio

Professor Celestýn (Celda) Klouček led a prominent studio for decorative drawing and modelling at the School of Applied Arts in Prague, where he worked from 1888. Many of his students excelled in their ceramic works, which the school presented at the 1900 World’s Fair in Paris. They included Rudolf Hamršmíd, Josef Klimeš, Václav Švec, Karel Pavlík and Václav Mařan. Václav Mařan continued in Klouček’s tradition during his tenure at the ceramics vocational school in Bechyně.

Metamorphoses of Nature: Organic Morphology

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