RESUMÉ 1/2019

Gardeners in the Lednice-Valtice complex and their

of garden art, and therefore one must not neglect

(JindfiichÛv Hradec District), castle gardening; Fig. 5. Lednice

influence on the appearance of garden arrangements

the personalities of the castle gardeners

(Bfieclav District), castle gardening; Fig. 6. Planting plan and

at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries

themselves.

list of tulips in the Lednice park, flower bed on parterre; Fig. 7.

Lenka K¤ESADLOVÁ

Illustrations: Fig. 1. Valtice, modification in front of

Libochovice (Litomûfiice District), view of part of the chateau

Keywords: Lednice-Valtice complex, LVA, gardeners,

the castle façade; Fig. 2. Lednice, view from the Minaret to

park, designed in 1912 by Josef Rubliã and realized by the chief

Ignaz Holle, Ignaz Liefka, Franz Nechansky, Philipp

the castle through the central pond with islands; Fig. 3. Lednice,

gardener Martin Hrbek (1846–1917).

Prohaska

view from the castle to the Minaret; Fig. 4. Valtice, depiction of part of the formal garden from 1793; Fig. 5. Drawing of

Descriptions of historical gardens and parks mostly

the Valtice Garden from the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries,

focus on the great names of the architects and

author unknown; Fig. 6. Plan for new modifications of

Dynamic water elements in the composition

builders. Often, research and publications neglect

the Valtice Garden by B. Petri from 1805; Fig. 7. Plan (map)

of the Chateau Garden in KromûfiíÏ and their

the gardeners whose day-to-day work was essential

of the Lednice Castle Garden by K. Rudzinsky from 1789;

archaeological research

to the existence of this living work of art. The most

Fig. 8. Plan (map) of the Lednice Castle Garden by I. Holle

Jifií JANÁL

talented of them may become “artistic gardeners”

from 1799; Fig. 9. Plan for new modifications to the Lednice

Keywords: garden art heritage, Chateau Garden in

and design new garden compositions themselves,

Garden by B. Petri, probably from 1805; Fig. 10. Plan for new

KromûfiíÏ, water cascade, rapids

thus significantly influencing the appearance of

modifications to the Lednice Garden by I. Liefka from 1808;

the garden entrusted to them. The period in focus,

Fig. 11. Plan for new modifications to the Belvedere Chateau

namely the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries in

by F. Nechansk˘ from 1805; Fig. 12. Plan for new modifica-

compositional element in garden art heritage sites.

the Lednice-Valtice complex, may be referred to as

tions to the Belvedere Chateau by F. Nechansk˘ from 1805;

Although waterfalls and rapids are mainly bound to

a golden era during which a number of distinct

Fig. 13. Plan for new modifications to the garden at

areas with uneven terrain, they also occurred in flat

personalities met in the service of the Liechtensteins.

the Liechtenstein Palace in Rossau by P. Prohaska,

areas where favorable conditions had to be created.

The period saw a great boom in the artistic and

around 1801.

This fact is documented on the research into two

Water elements are an important aesthetic and

economic aspects of many fields, such as fruit

extinct water elements (Rapids at the Ruins, Cascade

growing, nursery, and forestry, not to mention

at the Pompeii Colonnade) in the KromûfiíÏ Chateau

the exceptional level of architectural work that was

Garden. Archaeological research was aimed at

executed here. Behind each of these components

Gardener Josef Rubliã, an almost unknown

gathering as much information as possible that could

are exceptional people whose knowledge and skills

personality involved in the protection of garden

be used for the planned restoration of the Chateau

contributed to this boom. Archival documents reveal

art heritage; the path from the aristocratic

Gardens water system. The Rapids with the Neptune

the great deal of care devoted to gardening in

to the state garden

statue probably disappeared gradually through

the Lednice-Valtice complex, the daily duties of

Jaromír TLUST¯

sedimentation in the second half of the 19th century.

the castle gardeners, and the complexity of the pro-

Keywords: Josef Rubliã, aristocratic gardens,

Since they have lost their original compositional

cess of creating new works. They show how broad

historical gardens and parks, gardeners, heritage

context since the bridge disappeared, restoring them

the professional scope must have been of the person

protection

in their original form is not foreseen. The mill ditch,

who wanted to hold the position of chief castle gardener, which itself was perceived as very presti-

however, will be supplemented with a stone rise Josef Rubliã (1877–1953) was one of the gardeners

during the restoration, which will allow for the return

gious, particularly in Lednice. Most of the persons

whose professional career began at the time of

of the sound of falling water. The Cascade at

involved in the management of the Lednice Gardens

private aristocratic gardens, before the end of

the Maximillian Colonnade is still depicted on a map

at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries were,

the 19th century. He spent part of his life in

from 1910 and was one of the most important

according to the documents, capable of quality design

the gardens of the noble Herberstein family, and for

compositional elements of the garden as established

and active in influencing the appearance of the garden.

his diligence and knowledge was appointed inspector

by Anton Arch. This is why considerations are

While Ignaz Holle’s maps of the modifications made to

for all the gardens and parks of the Herbestein

underway to restore the water supply to the basin

the Lednice Gardens in 1799 do not reveal his

estates in 1911.

at the colonnade as well as to restore the adjacent

personal handwriting, preserved designs by Philippe

After 1948, in a time of social and political change,

cascade to its full extent.

Prohaska and Ignaz Liefka have some common

he made great efforts to protect as many historical

features. Their projects are distinctive in their very

gardens and parks as possible from devastation and

statue, watercolor, 1800; Fig. 2. Josef Fischer, plan depicting

subtle division of space – a very dense network of

destruction. His appointment as inspector of gardens

the sentimental adaptations of the garden from 1802; Fig. 3.

paths, small groups of trees, a large number of

and parks in listed heritage buildings made this

Josef Fischer, Waterfall at the artificial ruins, watercolor, 1800;

island sections, etc. On the contrary, the designs of

possible. He traveled all over the country, visited

Fig. 4. ·imon TadeበMilián, Rapids in the Chateau Garden,

the economic director Bernhard Petri work with larger

individual gardens and castle parks and gardens,

oil, 1847; Fig. 5. Bernard Lipavsk˘, plan of the Chateau

masses, and even the network of paths is conducted

and made proposals for procedures on how to protect

Garden from 1850; Fig. 6. General view of the functional

rather austerely. The final appearance of any garden

them. He also worked with the public, defending

cascade at the Maximillian Colonnade, 1860s; Fig. 7. A view

was ultimately created through a combination of

the existence of heritage gardens and parks through

of the Cascade at the Maximillian Colonnade without flowing

the “great design” and the everyday smaller inputs

lectures, media contributions, and books,

water, 1860s; Fig. 8. The disappearing cascade at

of the gardening staff. This is how the work gradually

and encouraging the public to protect them.

the Maximillian Colonnade, the end of the 19th century;

evolved and modernized until the next radical change

Illustrations: Fig. 1. Josef Rubliã, 1912, Graz; Fig. 2. Josef

Illustrations: Fig. 1. Josef Fischer, Waterfall with water god

Fig. 9. Students from France during research of the extinct

was decided upon. Such multi-layered stratification

Rubliã, 1943; Fig. 3. Castle Directors of the National Cultural

cascade at the Maximilian Colonnade; Fig. 10. One of

must be taken into account with every work

Commission of Czech Heritage Buildings, 1950; Fig. 4. Daãice

the uncovered levels of the cascade at the Maximilian

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Zprávy památkové péãe / roãník 79 / 2019 / ãíslo 1 / RESUMÉ | SUMMARY